braille

Charles Barbier aka 'Night writer' had a tactile system designed for soldiers to send and receive messages at night without speaking. It used raised dots and dashes rather than actual letters.

The Hammond Typewriter

How did Braille come about

Alternatives to Braille

Braille is a reading and writing system used by visually impaired people. The letters of the alphabet and the numbers are formed from different combinations of a set of six dots arranged in two vertical rows of three, like a domino. A visually impaired person can interpret these dots when moving a finger along a line of braille.

Barbier's system could be useful but thought it was too complicated. Over the next few years he worked hard to develop his own version of the code, using just six dots (instead of Barbier's 12) to represent the standard alphabet.

https://www.historytoday.com/archive/death-louis-braille

https://www.rnib.org.uk/braille-and-other-tactile-codes-portal-braille-past-present-and-future/invention-braille

http://hammondtypewriter.com/hammond-for-the-blind/

table that allows someone to translate letters into numbers. To give a small level of encryption, this table can be randomized and shared with the recipient. In order to fit the 26 letters of the alphabet into the 25 spots created by the table, the letters i and j are usually combined.

initial concept emerged in 1714 with a patent written by British engineer Henry Mill for a “Machine for Transcribing Letters”.

Inclusion is “is the right of the individual and the responsibility of society as a whole,” requiring that we all acknowledge disability rather than overlook it, as a means to make societal participation possible.

A non-discriminatory attitude towards people with disabilities; the guarantee of access to participation in every area of life; and the facilitation of people with disabilities to limit the impact of disability.”

https://thinkerbelllabs.com/blog/braille-literacy-important-step-social-inclusion/

https://www.salesforce.org/blog/world-braille-day-2022/

https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/2019/01/first-ever-world-braille-day/

https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/456544/Braille-a-means-of-social-inclusion-for-the-blind

Braille, a means of social inclusion for the blind

http://www.theeliaidea.com

https://www.thisiscolossal.com/2018/04/braille-neue-combines-braille-and-visible-characters/

Designed for maximum tactile discrimination by people who have a visual impairment. It is so easy to learn that it can be studied and applied in as little as 2 hours. And because ELIA Frames™ is based on the standard Roman alphabet, it can be read visually by those with full sight (teachers, caregivers or co-workers).

"create a truly universal space where anyone can access information.” we rarely see braille implemented in the public space since it takes additional space and sighted people consider it not important. Braille Neue addresses this issue by making braille easy to use for sighted people.

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